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The setting up of a separate Department of Biotechnology , under the Ministry of Science and Technology in 1986 gave a new impetus to the development of the field of modern biology and biotechnology in India.

The Academy, founded in 1934, aims at promoting the progress and upholding the cause of science in pure and applied branches. Major activities include publication of scientific journals and special volumes, organizing meetings of the Fellowship and discussions on important topics, recognizing scientific talent, improvement of science education and taking up other issues of concern to the scientific community.